RDAT has used encoded data within subdomains as AES ciphertext to communicate from the host to the C2.2
tool
RDAT S0495
- Type
- malware
- Platform
- Windows
- Created
- 28 July 2020
- Last modified
- 25 April 2025
RDAT is a backdoor used by the suspected Iranian threat group OilRig. RDAT was originally identified in 2017 and targeted companies in the telecommunications sector.[1]
20
TechniquesTop 20%
7
Tactics68th pct
1
Threat groupunranked
0
CampaignsNone recorded
Enterprise ATT&CK only. Any Mobile or ICS rows on the same ATT&CK page are not carried.
MITRE reference S0495
RDAT can process steganographic images attached to email messages to send and receive C2 commands. RDAT can also embed additional messages within BMP images to communicate with the RDAT operator.3
RDAT has used HTTP if DNS C2 communications were not functioning.4
RDAT can also embed data within a BMP image prior to exfiltration.5
RDAT can upload a file via HTTP POST response to the C2 split into 102,400-byte portions. RDAT can also download data from the C2 which is split into 81,920-byte portions.6
RDAT has used Windows Video Service as a name for malicious services.7
Standing S0495
Reach is how much of ATT&CK this tool touches. Coverage is how well defended each thing it does is, as a median per technique rather than a total — a total would just restate the reach. Each figure is ranked against all 825 ATT&CK software entries only where that population actually spreads. Where most of the population shares one value, a percentile would rank the tie instead of the entity, so the raw value is shown and no rank is claimed.
Reach
Techniques20Top 20%
80th percentile · 80% of 825 ATT&CK software entries have this many Enterprise techniques or fewer.
Tactics768th pct
68th percentile · 68% of 825 ATT&CK software entries have this many tactics spanned or fewer.
Threat group161% tie · 22 values
61% of the population shares a single value across only 22 distinct values, so a percentile here would rank the tie, not the entity.
Campaigns085% tie · 8 values
85% of the population shares a single value across only 8 distinct values, so a percentile here would rank the tie, not the entity.
Coverage
Rules / technique10medBottom 15%
15th percentile · 85% of 825 ATT&CK software entries have more detection rules per technique.
Tests / technique3med
Detection coverage S0495
469 distinct rules cover the 20 techniques recorded for this tool. The 488 technique-to-rule mappings resolve to 469 distinct rules, because one rule can cover several techniques. 323 Sigma · 146 Splunk.
17 covered by at least one rule3 with no coverage469 distinct rules in total
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