During RedPenguin, UNC3886 used rootkits such as REPTILE and MEDUSA.3
campaign
RedPenguin C0056
- First seen
- July 2024
- Last seen
- March 2025
- Created
- 24 June 2025
- Last modified
- 31 July 2026
The RedPenguin project was launched by Juniper in July 2024 to investigate reported malware infections of Juniper MX Series routers. RedPenguin activity was separately attributed to UNC3886 and included the deployment of multiple custom versions of the publicly-available TINYSHELL backdoor on Juniper routers.[1][2]
26
TechniquesTop 23%
11
TacticsTop 23%
2
Tools & malware63rd pct
1
Threat groupunranked
Enterprise ATT&CK only. Any Mobile or ICS rows on the same ATT&CK page are not carried.
MITRE reference C0056
During RedPenguin, UNC3886 leveraged JunoOS CLI queries to obtain the interface index which contains system and network details.45
During RedPenguin, UNC3886 generated Base64-encoded files in the FreeBSD shell environment of targeted Juniper devices.67
During RedPenguin, UNC3886 created multiple strains of malware using names to mimic legitimate binaries such as appid, to, irad, lmpad, jdosd, and oemd.8
During RedPenguin, UNC3886 used a passive backdoor to act as a libpcap-based packet sniffer.9
During RedPenguin, UNC3886 uploaded specified files from compromised devices to a remote server. 10
Standing C0056
Reach is how much of ATT&CK this campaign touches. Coverage is how well defended each thing it does is, as a median per technique rather than a total — a total would just restate the reach. Each figure is ranked against all 56 ATT&CK campaigns only where that population actually spreads. Where most of the population shares one value, a percentile would rank the tie instead of the entity, so the raw value is shown and no rank is claimed.
Reach
Techniques26Top 23%
77th percentile · 77% of 56 ATT&CK campaigns have this many Enterprise techniques or fewer.
Tactics11Top 23%
77th percentile · 77% of 56 ATT&CK campaigns have this many tactics spanned or fewer.
Tools & malware263rd pct
63rd percentile · 63% of 56 ATT&CK campaigns have this many tools and malware or fewer.
Threat group155% tie · 3 values
55% of the population shares a single value across only 3 distinct values, so a percentile here would rank the tie, not the entity.
Coverage
Rules / technique11med32nd pct
32nd percentile · 68% of 56 ATT&CK campaigns have more detection rules per technique.
Tests / technique3med
Detection coverage C0056
577 distinct rules cover the 26 techniques recorded for this campaign. The 602 technique-to-rule mappings resolve to 577 distinct rules, because one rule can cover several techniques. 374 Sigma · 203 Splunk.
21 covered by at least one rule5 with no coverage577 distinct rules in total
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