APT41 DUST used encrypted payloads decrypted and executed in memory.2
campaign
APT41 DUST C0040
- First seen
- January 2023
- Last seen
- June 2024
- Created
- 16 September 2024
- Last modified
- 31 July 2026
APT41 DUST was conducted by APT41 from 2023 to July 2024 against entities in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. APT41 DUST targeted sectors such as shipping, logistics, and media for information gathering purposes. APT41 used previously-observed malware such as DUSTPAN as well as newly observed tools such as DUSTTRAP in APT41 DUST.[1]
23
Techniques66th pct
10
Tactics68th pct
4
Tools & malware71st pct
1
Threat groupunranked
Enterprise ATT&CK only. Any Mobile or ICS rows on the same ATT&CK page are not carried.
MITRE reference C0040
APT41 DUST disguised DUSTPAN as a legitimate Windows binary such as w3wp.exe or conn.exe.3
APT41 DUST deleted various artifacts from victim systems following use.4
APT41 DUST used HTTPS for command and control.5
APT41 DUST involved exporting data from Oracle databases to local CSV files prior to exfiltration.6
APT41 DUST used compromised Google Workspace accounts for command and control.7
Standing C0040
Reach is how much of ATT&CK this campaign touches. Coverage is how well defended each thing it does is, as a median per technique rather than a total — a total would just restate the reach. Each figure is ranked against all 56 ATT&CK campaigns only where that population actually spreads. Where most of the population shares one value, a percentile would rank the tie instead of the entity, so the raw value is shown and no rank is claimed.
Reach
Techniques2366th pct
66th percentile · 66% of 56 ATT&CK campaigns have this many Enterprise techniques or fewer.
Tactics1068th pct
68th percentile · 68% of 56 ATT&CK campaigns have this many tactics spanned or fewer.
Tools & malware471st pct
71st percentile · 71% of 56 ATT&CK campaigns have this many tools and malware or fewer.
Threat group155% tie · 3 values
55% of the population shares a single value across only 3 distinct values, so a percentile here would rank the tie, not the entity.
Coverage
Rules / technique11med32nd pct
32nd percentile · 68% of 56 ATT&CK campaigns have more detection rules per technique.
Tests / technique2med
Detection coverage C0040
613 distinct rules cover the 23 techniques recorded for this campaign. The 633 technique-to-rule mappings resolve to 613 distinct rules, because one rule can cover several techniques. 413 Sigma · 200 Splunk.
17 covered by at least one rule6 with no coverage613 distinct rules in total
tf
Loading...Drag headers to reorder | Drag edges to resize
tf
Loading detections...
| Select | Title | Description | Category | Status | Event | Product | MITRE ATT&CK | CVEs | Severity | Author | Created | Updated | ID | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. ATT&CK® and D3FEND™ data reproduced with permission. SigmaHQ detection rules licensed under DRL 1.1. attack.mitre.org · d3fend.mitre.org · CAR analytics licensed under Apache 2.0 · car.mitre.org