Saint Bear clones .NET assemblies from other .NET binaries as well as cloning code signing certificates from other software to obfuscate the initial loader payload.3
group
Saint Bear G1031
- Created
- 25 May 2024
- Last modified
- 31 July 2026
- Aliases
- Saint Bear · Storm-0587 · TA471 · UAC-0056 · Lorec53
Saint Bear is a Russian-nexus threat actor active since early 2021, primarily targeting entities in Ukraine and Georgia. The group is notable for a specific remote access tool, Saint Bot, and information stealer, OutSteel in campaigns. Saint Bear typically relies on phishing or web staging of malicious documents and related file types for initial access, spoofing government or related entities.[1][2] Saint Bear has previously been confused with Ember Bear operations, but analysis of behaviors, tools, and targeting indicates these are distinct clusters.
18
Techniques50th pct
8
Tactics48th pct
2
Tools & malware39th pct
0
CampaignsNone recorded
Enterprise ATT&CK only. Any Mobile or ICS rows on the same ATT&CK page are not carried.
MITRE reference G1031
Saint Bear initial payloads included encoded follow-on payloads located in the resources file of the first-stage loader.4
Saint Bear has used the Windows Script Host (wscript) to execute intermediate files written to victim machines.5
Saint Bear relies extensively on PowerShell execution from malicious attachments and related content to retrieve and execute follow-on payloads.6
Saint Bear initial loaders will also drop a malicious Windows batch file, available via open source GitHub repositories, that disables Microsoft Defender functionality.7
Saint Bear has delivered malicious Microsoft Office files containing an embedded JavaScript object that would, on execution, download and execute OutSteel and Saint Bot.8
Standing G1031
Reach is how much of ATT&CK this group touches. Coverage is how well defended each thing it does is, as a median per technique rather than a total — a total would just restate the reach. Each figure is ranked against all 176 ATT&CK groups only where that population actually spreads. Where most of the population shares one value, a percentile would rank the tie instead of the entity, so the raw value is shown and no rank is claimed.
Reach
Techniques1850th pct
50th percentile · 50% of 176 ATT&CK groups have more Enterprise techniques.
Tactics848th pct
48th percentile · 52% of 176 ATT&CK groups have more tactics spanned.
Tools & malware239th pct
39th percentile · 61% of 176 ATT&CK groups have more tools and malware.
Campaigns089% tie · 4 values
89% of the population shares a single value across only 4 distinct values, so a percentile here would rank the tie, not the entity.
Coverage
Rules / technique20.5med53rd pct
53rd percentile · 53% of 176 ATT&CK groups have this many detection rules per technique or fewer.
Tests / technique1.5med
Detection coverage G1031
1108 distinct rules cover the 18 techniques recorded for this group. The 1191 technique-to-rule mappings resolve to 1108 distinct rules, because one rule can cover several techniques. 718 Sigma · 390 Splunk.
17 covered by at least one rule1 with no coverage1108 distinct rules in total
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