tool

DUSTPAN S1158

Type: malware
Platform: Windows
Created: 16 September 2024
Last modified: 21 September 2024

DUSTPAN is an in-memory dropper written in C/C++ used by APT41 since 2021 that decrypts and executes an embedded payload.[1][2]

Techniques29th pct

TacticsBottom 21%

Threat groupunranked

Campaignunranked

Enterprise ATT&CK only. Any Mobile or ICS rows on the same ATT&CK page are not carried.

MITRE reference S1158

Embedded Payloads T1027.009↗

DUSTPAN decrypts and executes an embedded payload.3 4

Stealth2 detection rules

Encrypted/Encoded File T1027.013↗

DUSTPAN decrypts an embedded payload.5 6

Stealth1 detection rules

Match Legitimate Resource Name or Location T1036.005↗

DUSTPAN is often disguised as a legitimate Windows binary such as w3wp.exe or conn.exe.7

Stealth27 detection rules

Portable Executable Injection T1055.002↗

DUSTPAN can inject its decrypted payload into another process.8

Privilege Escalation · Stealth3 detection rules

Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information T1140↗

DUSTPAN decodes and decrypts embedded payloads.9

Stealth20 detection rules

Windows Service T1543.003↗

DUSTPAN can persist as a Windows Service in operations.10

Persistence · Privilege Escalation73 detection rules

Standing S1158

Reach is how much of ATT&CK this tool touches. Coverage is how well defended each thing it does is, as a median per technique rather than a total — a total would just restate the reach. Each figure is ranked against all 825 ATT&CK software entries only where that population actually spreads. Where most of the population shares one value, a percentile would rank the tie instead of the entity, so the raw value is shown and no rank is claimed.

Reach

Techniques629th pct

29th percentile · 71% of 825 ATT&CK software entries have more Enterprise techniques.

Tactics3Bottom 21%

21st percentile · 79% of 825 ATT&CK software entries have more tactics spanned.

Threat group161% tie · 22 values

61% of the population shares a single value across only 22 distinct values, so a percentile here would rank the tie, not the entity.

Campaign185% tie · 8 values

85% of the population shares a single value across only 8 distinct values, so a percentile here would rank the tie, not the entity.

Coverage

Rules / technique11.5medBottom 19%

19th percentile · 81% of 825 ATT&CK software entries have more detection rules per technique.

Tests / technique3med

Detection coverage S1158

126 distinct rules cover the 6 techniques recorded for this tool. The 127 technique-to-rule mappings resolve to 126 distinct rules, because one rule can cover several techniques. 92 Sigma · 34 Splunk.

6 covered by at least one rule126 distinct rules in total

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© 2026 The MITRE Corporation. ATT&CK® and D3FEND™ data reproduced with permission. SigmaHQ detection rules licensed under DRL 1.1. attack.mitre.org · d3fend.mitre.org · CAR analytics licensed under Apache 2.0 · car.mitre.org

MITRE reference S1158

Reach

Coverage

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