SPACEHOP Activity has routed traffic through chains of compromised network devices to proxy C2 communications.2
campaign
SPACEHOP Activity C0052
- First seen
- January 2019
- Last seen
- May 2024
- Created
- 25 March 2025
- Last modified
- 31 July 2026
SPACEHOP Activity is conducted through commercially leased Virtual Private Servers (VPS), otherwise known as provisioned Operational Relay Box (ORB) networks. The network leveraged for SPACEHOP Activity enabled China-nexus cyber threat actors – such as APT5 and Ke3chang – to perform network reconnaissance scanning and vulnerability exploitation. SPACEHOP Activity has historically targeted entities in North America, Europe, and the Middle East.[1]
4
TechniquesBottom 7%
3
TacticsBottom 13%
0
Tools & malwareNone recorded
2
Threat groupsunranked
Enterprise ATT&CK only. Any Mobile or ICS rows on the same ATT&CK page are not carried.
MITRE reference C0052
SPACEHOP Activity has enabled the exploitation of CVE-2022-27518 and CVE-2022-27518 for illegitimate access.34
SPACEHOP Activity has used acquired Virtual Private Servers as control systems for devices within the ORB network.5
SPACEHOP Activity leverages a C2 framework sourced from a publicly-available Github repository for administration of relay nodes.6
Standing C0052
Reach is how much of ATT&CK this campaign touches. Coverage is how well defended each thing it does is, as a median per technique rather than a total — a total would just restate the reach. Each figure is ranked against all 56 ATT&CK campaigns only where that population actually spreads. Where most of the population shares one value, a percentile would rank the tie instead of the entity, so the raw value is shown and no rank is claimed.
Reach
Techniques4Bottom 7%
7th percentile · 93% of 56 ATT&CK campaigns have more Enterprise techniques.
Tactics3Bottom 13%
13th percentile · 87% of 56 ATT&CK campaigns have more tactics spanned.
Tools & malware0Bottom 11%
11th percentile · 89% of 56 ATT&CK campaigns have more tools and malware.
Threat groups255% tie · 3 values
55% of the population shares a single value across only 3 distinct values, so a percentile here would rank the tie, not the entity.
Coverage
Rules / technique9.5medBottom 25%
25th percentile · 75% of 56 ATT&CK campaigns have more detection rules per technique.
Tests / technique0med
Detection coverage C0052
281 distinct rules cover the 4 techniques recorded for this campaign. The 282 technique-to-rule mappings resolve to 281 distinct rules, because one rule can cover several techniques. 163 Sigma · 118 Splunk.
3 covered by at least one rule1 with no coverage281 distinct rules in total
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